Effect of advanced paternal age on reproductive outcomes in IVF cycles of non-male-factor infertility: a retrospective cohort study / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Advanced paternal age has been overlooked, and its effect on fertility remains controversial. Previous studies have focused mainly on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles in men with oligozoospermia. However, few studies have reported on men with semen parameters within reference ranges. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing the reproductive outcomes of couples with non-male-factor infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. In total, 381 cycles included were subgrouped according to paternal age (<35-year-old, 35-39-year-old, or ≥40-year-old), and maternal age was limited to under 35 years. Data on embryo quality and clinical outcomes were analyzed. The results showed that fertilization and high-quality embryo rates were not significantly different (all P > 0.05). The pregnancy rate was not significantly different in the 35-39-year-old group (42.0%; P > 0.05), but was significantly lower in the ≥40-year-old group (26.1%; P < 0.05) than that in the <35-year-old group (40.3%). Similarly, the implantation rate significantly decreased in the ≥40-year-old group (18.8%) compared with that in the <35-year-old group (31.1%) and 35-39-year-old group (30.0%) (both P < 0.05). The live birth rate (30.6%, 21.7%, and 19.6%) was not significantly different across the paternal age subgroups (<35-year-old, 35-39-year-old, and ≥40-year-old, respectively; all P > 0.05), but showed a declining trend. The miscarriage rate significantly increased in the 35-39-year-old group (44.8%) compared with that in the <35-year-old group (21.0%; P < 0.05). No abnormality in newborn birth weight was found. The results indicated that paternal age over 40 years is a key risk factor that influences the assisted reproductive technology success rate even with good semen parameters, although it has no impact on embryo development.

Sperm-specific protein ACTL7A as a biomarker for fertilization outcomes of assisted reproductive technology / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Obtaining high-quality embryos is one of the key factors to improve the clinical pregnancy rate of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). So far, the clinical evaluation of embryo quality depends on embryo morphology. However, the clinical pregnancy rate is still low. Therefore, new indicators are needed to further improve the evaluation of embryo quality. Several studies have shown that the decrease of sperm-specific protein actin-like 7A (ACTL7A) leaded to low fertilization rate, poor embryo development, and even infertility. The aim of this study was to study whether the different expression levels of ACTL7A on sperm can be used as a biomarker for predicting embryo quality. In this study, excluding the factors of severe female infertility, a total of 281 sperm samples were collected to compare the ACTL7A expression levels of sperms with high and low effective embryo rates and analyze the correlation between protein levels and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratory outcomes. Our results indicated that the ACTL7A levels were significantly reduced in sperm samples presenting poor embryo quality. Furthermore, the protein levels showed a significant correlation with fertilization outcomes of ART. ACTL7A has the potential to be a biomarker for predicting success rate of fertilization and effective embryo and the possibility of embryo arrest. In conclusion, sperm-specific protein ACTL7A has a strong correlation with IVF laboratory outcomes and plays important roles in fertilization and embryo development.

Effects of visual restoration on dynamic plantar pressure features in elder individuals / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the effects of visual restoration after cataract surgery on plantar pressure and biomechanics of foot in elder individuals.@*METHODS@#Thirty-two patients [male/female 5/27, (70.1±5.2) years old] with age-related cataract were recruited between October 2016 and December 2019. The footscan system was employed to record the data of plantar pressure during level walking before and 1-month after the cataract surgery. Parameters of peak pressure (PP), impulse (I), pressure-time integral (PTI) and time to peak pressure (TPP) from the regions of the 1st toe (T1), 2nd to 5th toes (T2-5), 1st to 5th metatarsal heads (M1-M5), midfoot (MF), medial hindfoot (HM) and lateral hindfoot (HL) were analyzed respectively.@*RESULTS@#Post-operatively, the visual function was effectively reconstructed with improved visual acuity in both eyes (Z=-4.878, -4.801; P < 0.001). The PP (t=2.266, P=0.031) and I (t=2.152, P=0.039) values in M2 region on the dominant side (right foot) increased statistically at post-operative phase, while the changes of pressure and temporal para-meters in other regions remained stable. There was laterality in plantar pressure at pre-operative phase, manifested as greater PP values in M1, M2, MF, and HM regions on the dominant sides (t=-2.414, -2.478, -2.144, -5.269; P < 0.05), greater PP values in T1, M3, M5 and HL regions on the non-dominant sides (t=4.830, 3.155, 2.686, 3.683; P < 0.05), greater I values in M1, MF, and HM regions on the dominant sides (t=-2.380, -2.185, -5.320; P < 0.05) and greater I values in T1, M3, M5 and HL regions on the non-dominant sides (t=4.489, 2.247, 2.838, 3.992; P < 0.05). post-operatively, the pressure tended to be compatible between the two sides in regions of M3 and MF, while the magnitude of laterality in regions of M1 (ZPP△= -2.721, P=0.007; ZI△=-2.581, P=0.010), M2 (ZPP△=-2.674, P=0.007; ZI△=-2.375, P=0.018) and M5 (ZPP△=1.991, P=0.046; ZI△=2.150, P=0.032) was further increased.@*CONCLUSION@#Changes in plantar pressure after cataract surgery were characterized as increased pressure in the 2nd metatarsal head area on the dominant side. Visual restoration might intensify the laterality in the medial of forefoot on the dominant side and the lateral of forefoot on the non-dominant side.

Changes of electroencephalography power spectrum during joint position perception test after anterior cruciate ligament rupture / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To measure the electroencephalography (EEG) of the patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture when performing joint position perception movement task, to compare the differences between the ACL rupture side and the unaffected side, to identify the EEG change in the power spectrum caused by the ACL rupture, and to provide evidence for the diagnosis, treatment and rehabi-litation for ACL injury as well as knee instability.@*METHODS@#Sixteen male patients, selected from the Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital from November 2014 to April 2015, with only ACL rupture on one side used isokinetic muscle strength testing equipment were enrolled in the study to perform unilateral active knee joint positional movement and passive knee joint positional movement tasks. EEG was recorded to compare between the affected and unaffected limb of ACL rupture patients when doing single leg movement tasks, including passive knee joint position test and active knee joint position sensation test. The target position of the active knee joint position movement task and the passive knee joint position movement task was 30 degrees of knee flexion.@*RESULTS@#During the passive knee joint position test, there was no significant difference in EEG power spectrum of Delta[F (1, 15)=0.003, P=0.957, ηP2 =0.001], Theta[F (1, 15)=0.002, P=0.962, ηP2 < 0.001], Alpha[F (1, 15)=0.002, P=0.966, ηP2 =0.001], Beta[F (1, 15)=0.008, P=0.929, ηP2 =0.001] at Fz, Cz, and Pz between the affected and unaffected limbs in the ACL patients. During the active knee joint position movement task, the EEG power spectrum of Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta at Fz and Cz location, on the affected side was significant higher than on the unaffected side.@*CONCLUSION@#This study compared the differences between the ACL rupture side and the unaffected side during active knee position movement task and passive knee position movement task, and identifyied the EEG changes in the power spectrum caused by the ACL rupture, It was found that the central changes caused by unilateral ACL rupture still existed during contralateral (unaffected) side movement. The EEG power spectrum of the affected side during active exercise was significantly higher than that of the unaffected side This study provides new electrophysiological evidence for the study of ACL injury.

Finite element analysis of the graft stresses after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the stress distribution characteristics of the graft after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, so as to provide theoretical reference for the surgical plan of ACL reconstruction.@*METHODS@#Based on 3D MRI and CT images, finite element models of the uninjured knee joint and knee joint after ACL reconstruction were established in this study. The uninjured knee model included femur, tibia, fibula, medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, ACL and posterior cruciate ligament. The ACL reconstruction knee model included femur, tibia, fibula, medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, ACL graft and posterior cruciate ligament. Linear elastic material properties were used for both the uninjured and ACL reconstruction models. The elastic modulus of bone tissue was set as 17 GPa and Poisson' s ratio was 0.36. The material properties of ligament tissue and graft were set as elastic modulus 390 MPa and Poisson's ratio 0.4. The femur was fixed as the boundary condition, and the tibia anterior tension of 134 N was applied as the loading condition. The stress states of the ACL of the intact joint and the ACL graft after reconstruction were solved and analyzed, including tension, pressure, shear force and von Mises stress.@*RESULTS@#The maximum compressive stress (6.34 MPa), von Mises stress (5.9 MPa) and shear stress (1.83 MPa) of the reconstructed ACL graft were all at the anterior femoral end. It was consistent with the position of maximum compressive stress (8.77 MPa), von Mises stress (8.88 MPa) and shear stress (3.44 MPa) in the ACL of the intact knee joint. The maximum tensile stress of the graft also appeared at the femoral end, but at the posterior side, which was consistent with the position of the maximum tensile stress of ACL of the uninjured knee joint. More-over, the maximum tensile stress of the graft was only 0.88 MPa, which was less than 2.56 MPa of ACL of the uninjured knee joint.@*CONCLUSION@#The maximum compressive stress, von Mises stress and shear stress of the ACL graft are located in the anterior femoral end, and the maximum tensile stress is located in the posterior femoral end, which is consistent with the position of the maximum tensile stress of the ACL of the uninjured knee joint. The anterior part of ACL and the graft bore higher stresses than the posterior part, which is consistent with the biomechanical characteristics of ACL.

Prohibitin (PHB) interacts with AKT in mitochondria to coordinately modulate sperm motility / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Prohibitin (PHB), an evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial inner membrane protein, is highly expressed in cells that require strong mitochondrial function. Recently, we demonstrated that the deletion of Phb in spermatocytes results in impaired mitochondrial function. In addition, PHB expression in the mitochondrial sheath of human sperm has a significantly negative correlation with mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels, but a positive one with mitochondrial membrane potential and sperm motility. These results suggest that mitochondrial PHB expression plays a role in sperm motility. However, the mechanism of PHB-mediated regulation of sperm motility remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that PHB interacts with protein kinase B (AKT) and exists in a complex with phospho-PHB (pT258) and phospho-AKT in the mitochondrial sheath of murine sperm, as determined using colocalization and coimmunoprecipitation assays. After blocking AKT activity using wortmannin (a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI3K] inhibitor), murine sperm have significantly ( P < 0.05) decreased levels of phospho-PHB (pT258) and the total and progressive motility. Furthermore, significantly ( P < 0.05) lower levels of phospho-PI3K P85 subunit α+γ (pY199 and pY467) and phospho-AKT (pS473; pT308) are found in sperm from infertile asthenospermic and oligoasthenospermic men compared with normospermic subjects, which suggest a reduced activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway in these infertile subjects. Importantly, these sperm from infertile subjects also have a significantly ( P < 0.05) lower level of phospho-PHB (pT258). Collectively, our findings suggest that the interaction of PHB with AKT in the mitochondrial sheath is critical for sperm motility, where PHB phosphorylation (pT258) level and PI3K/AKT activity are key regulatory factors.

The influence of heel height on gait of young females during stair descent / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effects of heel heights on gait of young women when going downstairs, and analyze the injury risk of women wearing high-heeled shoes during stair descent. Methods The gait from 17 young women wearing shoes with 4 different heel heights during their stair descent was measured by infrared high-speed motion capture system. The subjects’temporal parameters of gait and 3D joint angles of lower extremity were calculated and analyzed. Results Compared with flat shoes, the gait cycle increased when wearing 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes during stair descent, and the stance phase proportion and double-support stance phase proportion decreased, while the step width also decreased evidently. For 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes, the ankle range of motion (ROM) in the sagittal plane would reduce significantly, and for all the 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes, the ankle ROM in transverse plane would increase during stair descent. Wearing 3 cm, 5 cm high-heeled shoes could make the knee ROM in the sagittal plane significantly reduce, while wearing 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes, the knee ROM in the transverse plane would increase evidently. Wearing 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes, the maximum hip flexion angle was greater than that of wearing flat shoes, and the minimum hip flexion angle would be also greater when wearing 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes. Conclusions During stair descent, with the increase of heel heights, the gait cycle and swing phase proportion increase, while the stance phase proportion, double-support stance phase proportion and step width decrease, which will raise the risk of falling. Meanwhile, the knee and ankle ROMs in sagittal plane decrease gradually, while those in transverse plane come to increase. The research findings can help to further understand the influence of heel heights on gait characteristics and patterns during stair descent and provide reference for possible injury risk analysis.

Expression of recombinant human ZP3 protein using the baculovirus expression system / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the methods and solve the technical bottlenecks in the preparation of recombinant human protein hZP3 using the baculovirus expression system and pave the technical ground for the production and application of recombinant hZP3.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The recombinant vector pFASTBAC HTa-hZP3 was constructed and transferred to competent E. coli cells carrying bacmid to produce recombinant bacmid by homologous recombination. Sf9 cells were transfected with the recombinant bacmid to produce recombinant baculovirus. Full-length recombinant hZP3 (amino acids 1-424) and truncated recombinant hZP3 (amino acids 23-348) were expressed in the sf9 cells by infection with the recombinant baculovirus. The expression time of hZP3 was determined by Western blot and its purification was explored.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The recombinant bacmid and baculovirus were successfully constructed for expressing both the full-length and truncated hZP3. The maximal expression of recombinant hZP3 in the sf9 cells was achieved at 72-96 hours after baculovirus infection. Some of the recombinant hZP3 with His-tag could bind affinity matrix and got purified but most of the solubilized hZP3 passed through and the reasons remained unknown. Purified recombinant hZP3 labeled with Dylight Dye488 was able to bind human sperm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is feasible to express recombinant hZP3 in insect cells using the baculovirus system though the yield of hZP3 needs to be optimized. The methods for efficient enrichment and purification of recombinant hZP3 require further exploration.</p>

Breakpoints located by sequence tagged sites of AZFc microdeletion in Chinese Han population / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the breakpoints of the azoospermia factor c (AZFc) microdeletion in Chinese Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We detected 9 sequence tagged sites (sY84, sY86, sY127, sY134, sY152, sY145, sY255, sY254 and sY157) to confirm AZFc microdeletions in the Y chromosome for patients with severe oligozoospermia or non-obstructive azoospermia by multiplex polymerase reaction. To locate the breakpoints of AZFc microdeletions, we analyzed 192 patients with sY255, sY254 and sY157 dele- ted by detecting sY1191, sY1197, sY1054, sY1125 and sY1206, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five breaking patterns were found in the 192 patients with sY255, sY254 and sY157 deleted, among which the common ones were sY1197(+), sY1191(-), sY1054(-), sY1206(-) and sY1125(+), which accounted fro 54.17% (104/192), sY1197(+), sY1191(+), sY1206(-), sY1054(-) and sY1125(+), which constituted 28.12% (54/192), sY1197(+), sY1191(-), sY1206(-), sY1054(+) and sY1125 (+), which made up 14.58% (28/192). The proximal breakpoint located between sY1197 and sY1191 was 70.83% of AZFc microdeletions, and the distant breakpoint located between sY1054 and sY1125 was 82.29%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are 5 breaking patterns of AZFc microdeletions in Chinese Han population, the proximal and distant breakpoints mostly located at the replicons b2 and b4, respectively.</p>

Exploration of the correlation between Chinese medicine syndrome types of verrucous gastritis and the pressions of gastric mucosal hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha as well as downstream molecules / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expressions changes of gastric mucosal hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and downstream molecules [such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)] of verrucous gastritis (VG) patients of different Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome types and their clinical significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 94 VG patients were assigned to Gan-Wei disharmony group (GWDG, 28 cases), the damp-heat in Pi-Wei group (DHPWG, 17 cases), the blood stasis in Wei-collateral group (BSWCG, 20 cases), and the insufficiency of Pi-yang group (IPYG, 29 cases). Another 30 patients with chronic mild non-active superficial gastritis patients accompanied with negative Hp infection were recruited as the control group. The Hp infection was detected using 14C-labeled urea breath test. The expressions of HIF-1alpha, VEGF, and COX-2 in the gastric mucosal tissue were detected using immunohistochemical EnVision two-step test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive Hp infection rate in VG patients was 37.23% (35/94 cases). The positive Hp infection rate in patients of DHPWG (76. 47%) was significantly higher than the other three groups (32.14% in GWDG, 31.03% in IPYG, and 20.00% in BSWCG, P < 0.01). The expressions of HIF-1alpha and COX-2 in VG patients of different syndrome types were obviously higher than those of the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Of them, the expression of HIF-1alpha was the highest in BSWCG and the expression of COX-2 was the highest in DHPWG. The expression of VEGF was higher in DHPWG and IPYG than in the control group and the GWDG (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expressions of HIF-1alpha, VEGF, COX-2, and Hp infection showed certain changes in VG patients of different syndrome types. The expression of HIF-1alpha was the strongest in BSWCG. The expressions of VEGF and COX-2 as well as Hp infection were the highest in DHPWG. All showed the specificity of CM syndromes.</p>

Sequence tagged sites of AZFc microdeletion in Chinese Han population / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the patterns of azoospermia factor C (AZFc) microdeletion in the Chinese Han population and optimize the selection of the required sequence tagged sites (STSs) of AZF microdeletion in multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine STSs (sY84, sY86, sY127, sY134, sY152, sY145, sY255, sY254 and sY157) were detected by multiplex polymerase reaction for Y chromosome microdeletion in 164 Chinese Han patients with severe oligozoospermia or non-obstructive azoospermia, and another 105 with normal sperm concentration were included as controls. Meanwhile 180 cases of AZFc microdeletion (absence of sY255 and sY254) from multiple reproductive medical centers were analyzed for sY145, sY152 and sY157.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fourteen (8.5%) of the 164 patients with severe oligozoospermia or non-obstructive azoospermia showed AZFc microdeletion (absence of sY255 and sY254). All the 194 patients with the absence of sY255 and sY254 displayed the presence of sY145 and sY152, only 2 of them with sY157 present. Deletion of sY1206 and DAZ3/DAZ4 copies was confirmed in 1 case of severe oligozoospermia with sY157 absent only.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Deletion of sY255 and sY254 as well as sY157 is the most common pattern of AZFc microdeletion in the Chinese Han population. sY145 and sY152 can be omitted in AZFc screening. Absence of sY157 alone may be a new type of partial AZFc microdeletion in the Chinese Han population, and the clinical significance of unique sY157 absent needs to be further explored.</p>

Impact of cigarette smoking on human sperm DNA integrity / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of cigarette smoking on human sperm DNA integrity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally, 784 cases of male infertility were selected from our case database and grouped according to whether they were smokers or nonsmokers, how much they smoked (< or = 10, 11-19 and > or = 20 cigarettes/d) and how long they smoked (< or = 5, 6-9 and > or = 10 yr). Sperm DNA integrity was measured using sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and flow cytometry. DNA fragmentation and immature spermatozoa were expressed by the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and high DNA stainability (HDS) respectively. Conventional sperm parameters and sperm DNA integrity were compared among different groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total semen volume and percentage of grade a + b sperm were lower and the sperm morphological abnormality was higher in the > or = 20 cigarettes/d and > or = 10 yr groups than in the others (P < 0.05). DFI and HDS were significantly higher in the smokers than in the nonsmokers (P < 0.05). HDS was negatively correlated with the percentage of grade a + b sperm (r = -0.18, P < 0.05) and both DFI and HDS were positively correlated with the rate of sperm malformation (r = 0.31 and r = 0.39, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day or longer than 10 years has deleterious effects on the semen volume, percentage of grade a + b sperm and sperm morphology of the smokers. Cigarette smoking decreases sperm DNA integrity and nuclear maturation.</p>

Role of SP3111 protein in fertilization and early embryo development in mice / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the function of the SP3111 protein in fertilization and early embryo development through in vitro fertilization (IVF) experiments following anti-SP111 antibody (Ab2438) blocking.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sperm samples collected from male mice were divided into an experimental, a blank control and a negative control group before IVF. The sperm of the experimental group was incubated with Ab2438 for 1 h followed by IVF and observed for the rates of fertilization and embryo fragmentation at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 22 h. Then the fertilized eggs were incubated with Ab2438, and the rates of fertilization embryo fragmentation were observed at 22 h.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the sperm was incubated with Ab2438, the incidences of embryo fragmentation were 5.26, 8.77, 23.25, 43.42 and 59.21% at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 22 h, respectively, with significant differences from the control groups (P < 0.01). After 22 h Ab2438 incubation of the fertilized eggs, the rates of normal and fragmented embryos of the experimental group were 23.64 and 63.64%, respectively, significantly different from those of the control groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Anti-SP3111 antibodies remarkably affected fertilization and early embryo development in mice. The SP3111 protein may be a signal molecule and plays a role in fertilization and early embryo development together with other proteins. Further studies on the function of the SP3111 protein in reproduction may offer a new insight into the molecular mechanism of infertility.</p>

Updated reproductive function of human sperm RNA / 中华男科学杂志

The existence of RNA has been confirmed in human mature sperm, including mRNA and some members of the microRNA family. Different expressions of sperm mRNA have been found to be correlated with sperm motility and male reproduction. Some sperm specific mRNA and microNA play important roles in the regulation of sperm-oocyte fusion and early embryogenesis. Many published results indicate the variety of sperm RNA in composition and quantity as well as its indispensability for embryogenesis. Further researches on the function of sperm RNA will promote the progress in such fields as male infertility, human assisted reproduction technology and nuclear transfer.

Effect of traditional Chinese herbs combined with low dose human menopausal gonadotropin applied in frozen-thawed embryo transfer / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess embryo implantation rate (IR) and pregnancy rate (PR) in women who received Bushen Wengong Decoction (BSWGD), a Chinese herbal formula, combined with low dose of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) prior to frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 262 subjects (674 transferred embryos) who received FET were analyzed retrospectively. In them, 122 women were under 30 years old, 106 between 30 - 35 years and 32 over 35 years. The 85 subjects with normal ovulation were assigned to Group A, the natural menstruation cycling group, on whom no pre-transfer treatment was applied. The other 177 subjects with abnormal ovulation were assigned to Group B, and subdivided, according to the pre-transfer treatment they received, into three groups, Group B1 (50 cases) received BSWGD, Group B2 (58 cases) received hMG and Group B3 (69 cases) received both BSWGD and low dose hMG. The IR and PR of FET in the four groups were compared, and the effect of the embryo cryotime on PR of FET were compared also. Besides, the influencing factors to FET were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IR and PR were significantly higher in all age sects of Group B3 than those in Group A, showing significant difference (P< 0.05). IR and PR in subjects in age sects of <30 years and > 35 years in group B3 were significantly higher than those in Group B1 ( P<0.05), but no significant difference was shown in the two parameters between Group B 2 and Group B3 (P>0.05). PR in the subjects who received embryos with cryo-time of > 200 days was significantly lower than that in those with cryo-time of < 100 days ( P<0.05). Embryo cryo-time, endometrial thickness, use of BSWGD and use of hMG were of significance in FET ( P 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A programmed cycle of BSWGD combined with low dose of hMG could improve the embryo IR and PR of FET. Embryo cryo-time, endometrial thickness, and the use of BSWGD and hMG are of significance for FET.</p>